HVDC Circuit Breakers: A Comprehensive Review

High voltage direct current (HVDC) systems are now well integrated into AC in many jurisdictions. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a major focus and the role HVDC expanding. However, protection against DC faults challenging issue that can have negative impacts on reliable safe operation power systems. Practical solutions to protect grids without widespread outage include: 1) using circuit breakers (CBs) isolate faulty DC-link, 2) proper converter topology interrupt fault current, and/or 3) high-power transformers hubs at strategic points within grids. application CBs identified as best approach satisfies both connected grids’ requirements. This article reports comprehensive review technologies, including recent significant attempts development modern CBs. functional analysis each technology presented. Additionally, different technologies based information obtained from literature compared. Finally, recommendations for improvement